● A Relational Model of Data for Large Shared Data Banks (E.F. Codd, 1970)
1.2.2. Indexing Dependence.
From an informational standpoint, an index is a redundant component of the data representation.
redundant; 1 not needed. 2 that can be omitted without any loss of significance.
この セクション の主旨です。情報の観点から云えば、index は データ の事実描写として余計である、ということ。
incorporate; include as part of a whole
to incorporate indices into the file structure by means of additional chains.
1.2.3. Access Path Dependence.
Application programs...tend to be logically impaired if the trees or networks are changed in structure.
impair; weaken or damage.
A simple example follows.
part (部品) と project (プロジェクト) の例が 5つ述べられていますが、いずれの例も tree structures であることに注意すること。どのような tree structure の構成になっているかわからないと──つまり、物理的制約 (システム の中に用意された アクセス・パス) を知らなければ──、プログラム を適切には作成できない、ということ。
この セクション の論旨は──
Since, in general, it is not practical to develop application programs which test for all tree structurings permitted by the system, these programs fail when a change in structure becomes necessary. Systems which provide users with a network model of the data run into similar difficulties.
そして──
the user (or his program) is required to exploit a collections of user access paths to the data.
exploit; make good use of (a resource).